Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome

<-The normal person has this many chromosomes, someone with down syndrome would have an added chromosome.

Science and down syndrome
Chromosomes are made up of DNA that is tightly coiled. Chromosomes contains the genetic material that determines how a organism grows. A normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes equaling 46 chromosomes in all. A person who has Down Syndrome has 47 chromosomes. Down syndrome varies from different people, but the overall common appearance of someone with down syndrome consists of different sized and abnormally shaped head, and the corner of the eyes may be rounded instead of pointed. The development of a person possessing down syndrome is often slower than normal. It is often that a down syndrom patient might never reach their adult height. Like their growth of their bodies, their mental growth, too, is slower than normal. They tend to have impulsive behavior, poor judgement, short attention spans, and overall slow learning. It is common for a person with down syndrome to have frustration and anger as their mental develpment grows and they realize their limitations. Down syndrome affect 1 in 800 people infants. The chances of a child having down syndrome icreases as the mother gets older.
History of Down Syndrome
Down syndrome was named after Dr.Down who dedicated alot of his life to the study of down syndrome. In 1958 another doctor named Dr.Lejeune the cause of down syndrome was an extra chromosome on the 21 pair. Not only did Dr.Down name go down in history but his wife, Mary, was too. She provided education, physical therapy, and other things to not only the Down Syndrome patients but other people as well. http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/birth_defect/down_syndrome.html That website is helpful to explain down syndrome if you have a hard time understanding it.

Understanding math with down syndrome

People with Down Syndrome require special attention. Down syndrome patients usually face intellectual challenges. Studies show that for most people with down syndrome will not intellectually progress more than the average 6-8 year old child. Using real-world situations and language that is easy to understand are necessary when you try to teach a person with down syndrome.

Language arts and down syndrome

The synonym for down syndrome is trisomy 21. Down syndrome is a noun. There's only one meaning for down syndrome.

Reading and down syndrome.

Learning to read with down syndrome would be as difficult to do as it would be with math as I have mentioned earlier in the project. Understanding math is difficult and requries patience, time, and simplicity. In order to learn to read in the easiest way the down syndrome person would have to begin to learn how to pronounce words that they already know or understand. One example of those words would be a family member of theirs. In order to make reading as easy as possible for the patient small steps would have to be taken.

project-genetic disorders1

Genes hold the genetic traits that pass through generations. Every living thing contains and depends on genes. Genetic disorders are caused by something abnormals occuring in someones genes. An example of an abnormalty would be a small mutation of a gene. Genetic disorders could also be passed down from one generation to the next. An example of these disorders is muscular dystrophy which is weakness or wasting of muscles. In this project I will be focusing on certain genetic disorders. Some of which are: Down Syndrome, achondroplasia, and autism.

Plate Tectonics Theories

<-Helps to understand further about how waves help with the study of what the inside of the earth looks like.

<-Picture includes a few things discussed in class.

Converging boundaries are when the boundaries run into one another. Subduction in when one plate goes under the other. When the one plates goes under, It causes pressure which eventually builds up and causes a volcano to erupt. A diverging boundary is when two plates move apart from one another. A transform boundary is when the two boundaries rub up against eachother and causes earthquakes. Alot of these earthquakes occur in California. Scientists study what the inside of the earth looks like using seismic waves. There are two types of seismic waves: P-waves and S-waves.

Another part of plate-tectonics is the layers of the earth. The outermost layer is the crust. The crust is made up of plates which are made of rocks. It is the thinnest layer. The second outermost layer is the mantle. The mantle is the thickest layer and is made up of magma. In the mantle convection currents occur. The third outermost layer is the outer core. The outer core is made up of liquid metal. It causes the magnetic field. The innermost layer is the inner core. The inner core is a solid metal. It is solid because of pressure.

http://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate-boundaries.shtml

That website expained plate-techonics further, and might be a good source to look at if you have any questions.

Conferences Update

In class this quarter we learned about rocks, layers, earthquakes, volcanes, and how the continents move. I know I would do better in class If I participated more. For the most part I enjoy science class, but talking in class is a requirement which I have alot of trouble meeting. One of the things I enjoyed doing in class was projects where we had to work with groups. One group project we worked on in class was class a project over which had more density: sugar water or salt water and how that would affect the evaporation of it.
Link to project

Earthquakes and Tsunamis

This website was used: http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

Today I researched earthquakes in Hawaii and where they were located. I found out that thousands of earthquakes happen beneath the island of Hawaii every year. Some earthquakes in Hawaii occur when there is magma movement or eruptions from active volcanoes. These are sometimes called volcanic earthquakes. Other earthquakes in Hawaii are sometimes called tectonic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes are earthquakes that occur at the base of Hawaii's vocanoes or deep within the earth's crust below the island.

(Map of Earthquakes in hawaii above)

Some of these tectonic earthquakes have

triggered local Tsunami's in Hawaii. The most destructive earthquake in Hawaii happened on April, 2 1868, ruining more than a hundred homes. Tsunamis occured on the coast of Chile where it had serious damage. In Chile there was a giant earthquake that caused people to predict there would be a large Tsunami in Hawaii as a result of the earthquake. Even though the Tsunamis were to be predicted as a large event they affected Hawaii very little. Even though the Tsunamis had little impact on Hawaii they were still one of the largest things seen in the Pacific ocean in 45 years. Earthquakes affect Tsunamis because when there is an earthquake the sea floor can become deformed and and the water above the deformed areas are moved from it's normal position. In an attempt for the water in the incorrect area to regain its' correct balance it could create a Tsunami.